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Perfume (fragrance) oil, water and alcohol are the main components of the perfumes. Perfume oil are obtained from various resources such as natural products, of plant or animal origin, and synthetic materials. Generally, essential perfume oils are obtained from plant materials by steam distrillation. The word Perfume is derived from the latin word per fumum which means "through smoke". The art of perfumes were practiced by ancient Chinese, Hindus, Egyptians, Isrealites, Carthaginians, Arabs, Greeks and Romans. One of the oldest uses of perfumes comes from the burning of incense and aromatic herbs used in religious serves, often the aromatic gums, frankincense and myrrh, gathered from trees. Reference of perfumery art and formulas of perfume can be found from various resources.
Perfume is a odoriferous scent which is used to give a human body, object and living spaces a pleasant smell. Different peoples use perfumes for different purposes. Someone use the perfumes for overcome the bad smell of the body or surrounding. Someone use it as hobbies or to attract peoples.
A perfume contains between 10 to more than 250 ingredients. A single scent would be rather boring. The mixture usually contains very volatile scents for the initial top note, less volatile scents for the sustained aroma, and persistent scents for the final end note. Fixatives alter the rates of vaporization and hence the sustained scent development.
Natural resources are the greatest resource of the earth. Human have discovered various needs from the natural resources. There are thousands of plants with interesting aromas-fruits (apple, lemon, orange, wild mango), leaves (pelagonium, mint, green notes), buds (cloves), flowers (roses, gardenia, jasmine), bark (cinnamon), seed pods (vanilla), seeds (cardamon), roots (derris, camphor). They are typically extracted from the whole, macerated, or ground up natural source with pure alcohol.
Fixatives are used to depress the evaporation rate of essentail oils, the main cause of a perfume loosing its scent with time. These substances traditionally where obtained from natural sources, either vegetable or animal. Today synthetic substances are widely used. odoriferous subtances that increase the lasting qualities of perfumes can be obtained from certain animal secretions. Such subtances and some of their constituents act as fixatives, preventing more volatile perfume ingredients from evaporation too rapidly. they are usually employed in the form of alcoholic solutions. Ambergris from the sperm of whale, castor from the beaver, civet from the civet cat and musk from the musk deer are the animal products fixatives for perfumes . odour characteristics ranging from floral effects to odours unknown in nature are available with use of synthetic, aromatic materials. |
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